Presupuesto máximo
Lo primero antes de comprar una casa es decidir un presupuesto orientativo.
La cantidad que se debe destinar a la compra de la vivienda no debería superar el 40% de los ingresos netos mensuales.
Divide tus ingresos netos anuales entre 12.
Calcula el 40% de esos ingresos mensuales (multiplicándolos por 0,4): esa sería la “mensualidad ideal” de tu hipoteca.
A partir de esta mensualidad ya sabes el importe de la hipoteca que puedes solicitar.
A la hipoteca puedes sumar el dinero que tengas ahorrado.
También hay que considerar los gastos iniciales de la compra de tu vivienda que puede calcular entre un 10% y un 12% del precio.
Estos gastos se tienen que desembolsar al principio y por tanto deben sumarse al precio de venta.
El importe de la hipoteca, más tus ahorros sería el precio de la vivienda que debes buscar (en el que estarán incluidos los gastos).
Decidir la zona
Lo primero es decidir la zona donde quieres adquirir tu casa. En esta elección influirán factores emocionales (cercanía de padres, familiares, amigos, el barrio de “toda la vida”…) y factores objetivos (precios de la zona, transportes, aparcamiento, zonas verdes, centros comerciales, servicios urbanísticos…). Ambos son importantes y tenerlos en cuenta te ayudarán a tomar una decisión acertada.
En cuanto a los criterios objetivos debe valorar los siguientes:
1. El acceso y los medios de transporte más próximos desde o hacia el puesto de trabajo. Esto puede suponer un ahorro de tiempo y dinero importante.
2. Las tiendas, servicios de alimentación y centros de ocio.
3. Los servicios sanitarios.
4. Los colegios, institutos y guarderías si tenemos niños.
5. La situación de aparcamiento.
6. Las zonas de ocio, actividades al aire libre e instalaciones deportivas.
7. Planes Urbanísticos o la construcción de obras públicas en la zona pueden beneficiar o perjudicar a la vivienda y a su entorno. El Ayuntamiento te facilitará la información.
¿Cómo buscar?
Si has decidido la zona y tiene un precio orientativo de la vivienda que quieres comprar, puedes buscar con más garantías de éxito. Las posibilidades son numerosas: prensa especializada en oferta inmobiliaria, anuncios por palabras, suplementos inmobiliarios de los diarios, servicios municipales o autonómicos, portales inmobiliarios de Internet, haciendo una prospección de la zona, o acudiendo a una Agencia Inmobiliaria.
Una muy buena opción es acudir a una Agencia Inmobiliaria, que si está en la zona que te interesa es muy probable que tengas una oferta amplia de la misma y que conozcas la situación de los precios.
La intervención de una Agencia no encarece la compra. Normalmente es el vendedor el que contrata sus servicios, de modo que será éste el que pagará sus honorarios.
Ten en cuenta que el Agente Inmobiliario puede ahorrarte muchos viajes y gestiones inútiles. Si consigues transmitir claramente tus necesidades y el tipo de vivienda que buscas, la intervención de un profesional puede hacerte ganar mucho tiempo.
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